Listening:Processes Functions and Competency
- 2
- New York Routledge Taylor and Francis Group 2018
- xvi,357 p. PB 23x18 cm.
Listening: Processes, Functions, and Competency, Second Edition explores the role of listening as an essential element in human communication. The book addresses listening as a cognitive process, as a social function, and as a critical professional competency. Blending theory with practical application, Listening builds knowledge, insight, and skill to help the reader achieve the desired outcome of effective listening. This second edition introduces listening as a goal-directed activity and has been expanded to include a new chapter addressing listening in mediated contexts. Theory and research throughout the text have been updated, and the final chapter covers new research methodologies and contexts, including fMRI, aural architecture, and music. Table of contents Acknowledgements Preface PART I. LISTENING AS A COGNITIVE PROCESS Chapter 1: Introduction & Overview Case Study 1.1: Getting to Know Our Students Introduction Listening Is Fundamental The Importance of Listening Competency Listening Takes Time (Literally) Defining Listening Models of Listening Speech Communication Models Cognitive Models Speech Science Models Current Listening Models The Listening MATERRS Model Worthington Fitch-Hauser Model of Listening: Listening MATERRS Mental Stimulus Awareness Translation Evaluation Recall Responding Staying Connected (and Motivated) Overview of the Text Key Concepts Discussion Questions Listening Activities Additional Readings
Chapter 2: Listening: Types and Competencies Case Study 2.1: Listening Is Hard to Do Listening as a Critical Communication Competency Listening Competency Types of Listening Discriminative Listening Comprehensive Listening Critical Listening Case Study 2.2: Distinguishing Facts from Opinion Appreciative Listening Therapeutic Listening Empathtic Listening Case Study 2.3: A Feeling Touch Levels of Listening Case Study 2.4: Nolvia’s Frustration Summary Key Concepts Discussion Questions Listening Activities
Chapter 3: Listening & Information Processing Case Study 3.1: Carter’s Dilemma Receiving and Processing Information schemas and Information Processing Schemas and Attending Schemas and Perceiving Schemas and Memory Schema and Listening Summary Key Concepts Discussion Questions Listening Activities Additional Readings
Chapter 4: Individual Differences in Learning Processes Case Study 4.1: Troubles Why Study Individual Differences? Exploring Personality Traits Personality States versus Traits Personality Type Extraversion or Introversion Sensing or Intuiting Thinking or Feeling Judgment or Perception Listening Styles as Habitual Listening Listening Styles Profile Revised (LSP-R)32 Listening Styles as a Situational Demand Empathy Active-empathetic Listening Sociability Conversational Sensitivity Emotional Intelligence Communication Apprehension Cognitive Complexity Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
Chapter 5: Listening in a Mediated World
Case Study 5.1: What do you mean I’m not listening to you?
Noise Sensitivity
Mediated Social Interactions
Mobile Devices
Case Study 5.2: How to succeed in business?
Media Supported Multitasking
The Multitasking Brain
The Downsides to Switch-tasking
Why do we switch-task?
The Exceptions
Strategies to Reduce Switch-tasking
Computers, Television & Music
Computer Mediated Communication
Case Study 5.3: The Interview
Television
Music
Listening, Learning, and Technology
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
PART II. LISTENING AS A SOCIAL FUNCTION
Chapter 6: Listening in the Conversational Context
Case Study 6.1: Stressed Out
Conversations and Interaction
Grice’s Maxims
Defining Conversation
Conversation as Cocreations
Case Study 6.2: Cocreating Conversation
Conversational Variables
Individual Differences
Accommodation
Conversational Context
Self-verification
Storytelling and Identity
Social Support
Directive and Nondirective Social Support
Case Study 6.3: Listening for Tone
Additional Attributes of Social Support
Case Study 6.4: A Long Day
Identifying Negative Social Support
Problem and Emotion-focused Support
Meeting Social Support Needs
Conflict
Handling Angry People
Conflict and Culture
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
Chapter 7: Listening and Relationship Building: The Family Context
Case Study 7.1: All in the Family
Listening in Relationships
Why Study Listening in Families?
Family Communication Features
Family Orientation Schemas
Family Talks
Confirmation
Self-disclosure
The Role of Family Stories
Establishing Family Schemas and Scripts
Parents as Communication Teachers
Learning Conversational Rules
Learning Social Support
Learning Problem Solving
Learning to Manage Emotions
Molding Children’s Listening Behaviors
Why Parents "Don’t Listen"
Parent-Child Conflict
Sibling Relationships
Communicating with Older Adults
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
Chapter 8: Listening and Relationship Building: Friends and Romance
Case Study 8.1: What Makes a Relationship?
Making and Becoming Friends
Early Friendships—Early and Middle Childhood
Case Study 8.2: Ben’s Story
Adolescent Friendships
Adult Friendships
Friendships and Mediated Communication
Building Friendships
Listening in Intimate Relationships
Dating/Initiating Romantic Relationships
Developing and Maintaining Romantic Relationships
Committed Couples
Marital Satisfaction
Couples in Conflict
Listening Responses to Conflict
Communication Patterns
Culture and Commitment
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
PART III. LISTENING AS A CRITICAL PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY
Chapter 9: Listening in Context: Education
Case Study 9.1: Classroom Listening
Introduction
Academic Listening
Individual Differences in the Learning Experience
Relevancy
Learning Style
Emotional Intelligence
Communication and Individual Receiver Apprehension
Teaching Goals and Methods
Listening and the Educational "Audience"
Communicating Interpersonally: Teachers and Students
Communicating in the Classroom
Listening and Taking Notes
Culture and Diversity
Gender
Socioeconomic Differences
Culture and Ethnicity
Special Challenges for Nonnative Speakers
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
Chapter 10: Listening in Context: Organizations
Case Study 10.1: Cultural Differences and Organizational Listening
Understanding Organizations
Purpose and Mission
Organizational Culture
Organizational Climate
Organizational Social Support
Leadership
The Listening Organization
The Learning (Listening) Organization
Organization Structure and Change
Listening and Organizational Conflict
Case Study 10.2: When Corporate Cultures Collide
Employee Relations
Customer Satisfaction
Failure to Listen
Becoming a Listening Organization
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
Chapter 11: Listening and Health: Psychological and Physical Realities
Case Study 11.1: The Physician’s Office
The Importance of Health Communication
Listening and Psychological Well-being
Elements of Reflective Listening
Listening and Physical Well-being
Factors Affecting Patient-Provider Interactions
Nature of the Visit
Patient Sex
Case Study 11.2: Deena’s Story
Impact of Culture
Age
Case Study 11.3: Helping Nana
What You Can Do as a Patient
Enhancing Communication
Provider Communication and Listening
Case Study 11.4: NaMii’s Story
Factors Influencing Providers
Patient Outcomes: Satisfaction and Compliance
Tips for Health Workers & Volunteers
Summary
Key Concepts
Discussion Questions
Listening Activities
Additional Readings
Chapter 12: Listening in Legal Contexts
Case Study 12.1: Shooting at Merc’s Department Store